Rating Othello - 1404 Words

Rating Othello Is this Shakespearean tragedy Othello at the top of the rating chart, or is it just near the top? And why? This essay intends to examine various aspects of this subject, along with critical opinion. This play ranks near the top. The Bard’s presentation of emotions, character, of good and evil actions that are down-to-earth – these are sometimes seen as the main reasons for the high ranking of Othello. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello† maintain that the popularity of this play has been consistent for about 400 years because it treats emotions that are universal and persistent in human nature. Its characters do not exist on a plane far removed from†¦show more content†¦(37) Such human wisdom can be found in Iago’s initial words to sleepy Brabantio: â€Å"Zounds, sir, y’are robbed! For shame, put on your gown! / Your heart is burst; you have lost half your soul.† Indeed, the disappearance of Desdemona from home would seem as such to an elderly father. Human wisdom is obvious again and again; for example, when the senator escorts the general to the council, the duke addresses the â€Å"valiant Othello† without even noticing the senator at first: â€Å"I did not see you. Welcome, gentle signior.† As Othello begins his address before council, he employs much wisdom in the first two verses: â€Å"Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors, / My very noble, and approved good masters,† by being as complimentary as possible, it would seem. Shakespeare’s human wisdom no doubt comes partially from his understanding of the workings of man’s mind. He possesses the ability to analyze in a psychological manner. Harry Levin’s General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare includes these comments regarding the psychological aspect of Shakespeare’s characters: During the later eighteenth and most of the nineteenth century, Shakespeare’s interpreters practiced what Bernard Shaw liked to call â€Å"Bardolatry.† They all but deified the Bard of Avon because he was the creator of so many characters who could be treated as if they were human beings – could be identified with, psychologized over [myShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Good First Impression?1508 Words   |  7 Pagesclear their good names. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime. 2. Begin with a Quotation Example In Shakespeare s Othello, Iago claims that he who steals my purse steals trash / . . . But he that filches from me my good name / Robs me of that which not enriches him, / And makes me poor indeed (3.3.157-161). Today, identity theft is a new way that thieves steal bothRead MoreDevry Eng 135 Week 14163 Words   |  17 Pagescredit cards. In many such cases, victims incur minimal, if any, out-of-pocket expenses to resolve the matter. More serious levels of identity theft have much more damaging effects. Victims sometimes spend thousands of dollars to clear their  credit ratings  or to cover fraudulent activity. In extreme cases they may be threatened by collection agencies, be denied new credit or use of existing credit cards, have utilities cut off, have a job application rejected, or be subjected to criminal investigationsRead MoreLion King vs. Hamlet2415 Words   |  10 Pagesyoung child, â€Å"Honey, come downstairs and watch Hamlet!† A statement which might sound ludicrous at first, is in reality, more sensible than one might think. Since 1994, The Lion King has been a must-see film for children all around the world. Its 8.5 rating on IMDB lists it alongside of some of the greatest movies ever made. Children’s movies that were released around this time were all shallow and simplistic. The reason why The Lion King was so successful is because it was an unexpected and pleasantRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesthe way of a good story† is an instruction often heard in the newsroom †¢ Concept of media ethics is conceived to be an oxymoron. Sadly, many aspects of the modern media are stripped of almost all ethical concerns. In a reality of competition, ratings and economic considerations, ethics becomes a secondary, sometimes irritating, issue †¢ E.g. But consider 2003, New York Times writer Jayson Blair caught for plagiarising and falsifying elements of his stories †¦ clear to public that newspapers

An Analysis of Palestrinas Missa Papae Marcelli and...

An Analysis of Palestrinas Missa Papae Marcelli and Vivaldis Four Seasons Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian Renaissance composer born in either 1525 or 1526 and dead in 1594. His Missa Papae Marcelli was composed in 1562 during the final session of the Council of Trent, wherein the Catholic Church outlined its catechism in opposition to the Protestant errors in Europe. This Mass fell in the middle of Palestrinas career but is considered to be one of his most popular works. Antonio Vivaldi, on the other hand, was an Italian Baroque composer born in 1678 and dead in 1741. One of his most famous pieces is The Four Seasons, which unlike Palestrinas sacred Mass composition is a secular set of four violin concertos. It was composed in 1723, midway through his career, and is meant to represent as its title suggests the seasons of the year. This paper will compare and contrast Palestrinas Renaissance work Missa Papae Marcelli with Vivaldis Baroque work Four Seasons according to form, harmony, tempo, meter, texture, style period, text (if any), absolu te or programmatic meaning, and sacred or secular orientation. Palestrina was appointed head of St. Peters choir by Pope Julius III. The Renaissance was, indeed, a time when the secular was being exalted. Palestrina showed that not all that was considered secular was bad. For example, he convinced some churchmen that polyphony in music was a good thing. Of course, from there secular music took off on a grand course

Prosthesis in Dentistry

Question: Describe about prosthesis in dentistry. Answer: Introduction Prosthesis in dentistry refers to the process of replacing a single tooth or several teeth as well as missing tissues. If it happens that the teeth are not stable or are missing entirely, they can be restored back by the use of eitherfixed or removable prostheses, a painless solution.In fixed prosthesis, the missing teeth are replaced by the use of bridges or crowns through cementing directly on the teeth. The removable prosthesisfor the teeth are attached to the toothless jaw incase a tooth is totally missing or directly on the teeth or implants, if it is only some teeth which are missing (Li et al., 2013). Under normal circumstances, if one or more teeth are lost this causes the neighboring teeth to move over time. Thus the remaining gaps needs to be filled up early enough while there is still sufficient space to reposition the tooth. If this is not done as early as possible, the body begins to close this gap by moving the nearby teeth and its opposite number on the other jaw. The result of this reposition is occlusion of the mouth, resulting in several consequences for the temporomandibular joints as well as other repercussions on the spine. Protracting and retracting the soft tissues However, the oral cavity is a very difficult area to treat in restorative dentistry since the cheeks, tongue and lips provide difficulties in accessing and visualizing as well as manipulating the instruments to be used for the dental procedures. If not properly used, these instruments can result in the bleeding and injury to the soft tissues.The dental dam provides control and proper access to the tooth for proper preparation and restoration.In case the cervical lesions are at or below the free margin of the gingiva tissues, methods that employ gingival retraction needs to be used. In case the crown or on-lay margins are at or below the free margin, then the tissues needs to be displaces by use of methods that are not likely to cause damage or bleeding to the tissues To protect the soft tissues, I would aspirate and hold the cheek back with my aspirator or I could give the dentist some cotton rolls Ito et al., 2013). In tissue management, therefore, the soft tissues should be placed away from the preparation margins. In the mechanical displacement method, the tissues are physically moved from the tooth aside so that proper visualization as well as treatment can be done. Basically the retraction cord can also be used for this physical displacement. It is preferred by many dentists because it is woven in different sizes and shapes to accommodate the varying thicknesses and diameters of the dental cavity (Zhao et al., 2014). Some other manufacturers have also come up with non-impregnated cords and chemically impregnated cords.Therefore a dentist needs to wear protective latex free gloves when handling these retraction cords. If there is a contamination with latex materials, this can result in an inhibitory effect while setting the vinyl polysiloxane impressions materials leading to gingival tears of the materials used for impression. Importance of shade taking In order to reduce the problems that can arise from selecting of shades in dentistry, it is crucial that the dentists comprehend the art as well as science of shading and color selection. The fact that the appearance of a given color and its perception has both objective and subjective implications may make this process to be difficult. Moreover, the human eye fails to perceive color in a clear, consistent and concise manner due to variation from one person to another (Alshiddi and Richards, 2015). As a result of these differences, the clear understanding of color requires that one understands the dimensions of color accompanied by its value, translucency and specific focus.The inconsistency in the results arising from dental shading due to control of colors has been a problem from time immemorial and hence the need to lay emphasis on this issue. Therefore there needs to be a clear cooperation between the clinician as well as the laboratory technician in the development of better materials to be used for restoration and development of dental adhesives. In addition, these materials should enable the clinician to increase the rate at which translucency and vitality of the teeth becomes after dental restorations. The ceramic restorations should be done while at the same time maintaining optimal color and shading. This is because in the modern world, an attractive smile is an essential part of life as compared to initial perceptions of it being a luxury. This therefore calls for an attractive visual appearance of the person who has undergone dental restoration to be attractive. Therefore determining the color and shading for a dental restoration depends on the environment, illumination and the eyes of the receiver. Importance of laboratory prescription for prosthesis Prosthesis can be prescribed by technicians for instance if the patient lack all teeth and hence this procedure can restore the functions of the mastication using a device which the patient can easily remove and reinsert any time they want. This is because this device replaces all the teeth by use of an acrylic resin support and ceramic teeth. In fact, the more natural the appearance of the dental system is, the closer it resembles that of the face of the respective patient. On the other hand, a partial prosthesis is normally attached to the remaining teeth by the use of hooks. If the dentist uses metallic support structureas anchorage materials, this is referred to as skeletal prosthesis. The charts and records for orthodontic treatment Orthodontic records are needed for carrying out orthodontic treatment plan although the monitoring of the facial growth as well as its development is also of dental clinic importance. Some of the traditionally used charts and records include the intra oral photographs, extra oral photo graphs, dental casts, clinical measurements and radiographic images (Hmmerle et al., 2015).Recently, there has been technological advancement in the digital world as far as dental models are concerned through the application of digital dental set-ups which mimic the actual outcome of the expected orthodontic treatment. Additionally, the application of the three-dimensional imaging on the face has led to development of alternative methods to conduct the documentation of the patient. In order to come up with the final charts or records to be used for a certain patient, it is imperative that the dentist analyzes each record separately for its specific contributions. Range of orthodontic treatments In removable treatment, the removable materials are used to fix the remaining teeth or fill up the spaces left. They consist of a customized plastic base plate with wires and screws attached. They are basically used for simple tooth movement but can also be used for initial stage s of complex treatments (Meyer-Marcotty et al., 2012). The fixed treatment consists of individual brackets which are stuck on the teeth. As a result of this fixing, the tooth movement occurs due to the thin flexible wires as well as elastic bands. The teeth are then slowly moved into their normal positions through little pressure as the wires get adjusted. Orthodontic appliances These instruments, which include interproximal saws, interproximal stripping systems, band seaters, bur kits as well as cutters and pliers, help, ensure practitioners provide patients with exceptional, precise orthodontic care. Several orthodontic instruments are available and differ in functions as well as options. Some are designed for general use, while others are specialized for certain tasks. For instance, the orthodontic cutters can be customized for specific task although they can be also combined with orthodontic pliers. On their own, the orthodontic pliers are to perform arch wire functions such as loop forming, arch wire contouring and torqueing. Other appliances include the bur kits, cutters, band seaters, cassettes and interproximal saws. Orthodontic appliances are of three types- fixed, removable or retainers. Fixed orthodontic appliances- They consist of band cemented to teeth and thin metal wires positions the teeth in the right position. The metal wire is tied to the bands with steel ligature and the bands are made of either metal, ceramic or plastic (Teh et al. 2014). The different stages in fixed orthodontic treatment are as follows: Fitting- In this stage the dentist requires patients records to assess the teeth where fitting is required and metallic spacers to create space for bands and separate back teeth. During the first stage, the X-rays of teeth are taken based on which orthodontist plans treatment for patients. After this fitting is done either by removal of crowded permanent teeth and fitting of braces. Metal or elastic separators are first used to create space for banding teeth and then bands and brackets are bonded to the teeth. Fitting helps in aligning irregular teeth and improving height differentials. For fitting, the dentist requires equipments like adhesive to cement the bond and brackets or archwires are needed to fix bands (Costa et al., 2015). Monitoring- During the monitoring stage, extraction are done after fitting the braces. Working with fixed braces after fitting helps in resolving overbites and closure of space after extractions. Equipments needed by dentist in this stage include rubber bands and brackets with hooks for adjustment. Adjusting- The final stage is the adjustment stage in which adjustment to the braces are done by equipments like changing wires or adding springs or elastics. Finally retainers are used to hold the teeth in new position during debanding appointment (Papageorgiou et al., 2016). Removable braces- This appliance is used when baby teeth are left or when jaw growth needs to be normalized and treatment of lateral incisor cross bite. The removable appliances are retained by dentist by use of equipments like the Adams clasp, Labial arch and the Acrylic Resin framework. Bow is used in removable appliances to retract and retain teeth (Pahkala 2013). The different stages in bonding of removable orthodontic appliances includes the following- Fitting- Fitted resin is used to precisely fix the brackets on cast of teeth. After fixing the brackets on ideal position, a transfer tray is formed on the cast. Monitoring- They are soaked in warm water and trimmed to get the ideal fit for patients. Adjusting- In the final stage, the teeth are isolated and resin is painted in enamel and brackets. The trays (removable devices) are finally removed and brackets get bonded to the teeth (Levrini et al. 2013). The main equipment required in this process is the resin and removable tray that can be used by the dentist. Retainer- Retainers are made of wires or plastic to realign teeth after surgery or fixing braces. Use of retainers in new position helps the periondontal fibers to adapt to changes in bone and reduce any changes in final tooth position. Retainers may be of two types- fixed retainers made of thin wires bonded in the lower or upper front of the teeth and the removable retainers held in place by hook or clasps (Vig 2013). The stages in fixing retainers are- Fitting- An impression of the new teeth is taken on a mold and retainer is fabricated out of wire. Monitoring- After fixing retainers, it is necessary to regular monitor the patients to check for any cavities and cleaning the teeth. Dentist ensures that the retainer is fixed in place. Adjusting- After the new teeth is accurately fixed and aligned, the removable retainer are removed. In case of fixed retainers, they are used to ensure that braces do not shift back to the previous position. These are worn by the patient as specified by the orthodontist. The key equipments needed by dentist in this process include molds, wire, fixing agents to ensure that brace do shift back from its original position (Pahkala 2013). Role of orthodontic nurses An orthodontic nurse is involved in the setting up of the surgery each day and ensures that everything such as patient notes are ready and any work which is required for that that day has been brought from the laboratory (Durkan et al., 2016). They also prepare the required instruments for a particular dental protocol as well as mixing any substances such as composite, bonds, and alginate and glass isonomer. Dental nurses also tidy up the surgery room by disinfection of surfaces and the sterilizationof the dental instruments that have already been used (Dye, 2013). They also make sure that the patients are comfortable before and during dental treatment. Reference list Alshiddi, I.F. and Richards, L.C., 2015.A comparison of conventional visual and spectrophotometric shade taking by trained and untrained dental students.Australian dental journal, 60(2), pp.176-181. Costa, A.A., Serra-Negra, J.M., Bendo, C.B., Pordeus, I.A. and Paiva, S.M., 2015. Impact of wearing fixed orthodontic appliances on quality of life among adolescents: Case-control study.The Angle Orthodontist,86(1), pp.121-126. Durkan, C., Belsi, A. and Griffiths, R., 2016. The knowledge of dental nurses at one institution of the scope of practice of the dental team members.BDJ Team, 3, p.16010. Dye, S., 2013. Orthodontic solutions and the dental nurse's role.Dental Nursing, 9(9), pp.500-502. Hmmerle, C.H., Cordaro, L., Assche, N., Benic, G.I., Bornstein, M., Gamper, F., Gotfredsen, K., Harris, D., Hrzeler, M., Jacobs, R. and Kapos, T., 2015. Digital technologies to support planning, treatment, and fabrication processes and outcome assessments in implant dentistry. Summary and consensus statements.The 4th EAO consensus conference 2015.Clinical oral implants research, 26(S11), pp.97-101. Ito, M., Wee, A.G., Miyamoto, T. and Kawai, Y., 2013. The combination of a nylon and traditional partial removable dental prosthesis for improved esthetics: a clinical report. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 109(1), pp.5-8. Levrini, L., Abbate, G.M., Migliori, F., Orru, G., Sauro, S. and Caprioglio, A., 2013. Assessment of the periodontal health status in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances. A microbiological and preliminary clinical study.Cumhuriyet Dental Journal,16(4), pp.296-307. Li, Y.J., Chang, C.K., Lin, G.M. and Lu, C.C., 2013. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Inserted Fixed Prosthesis and its Applications in Clinical Dentistry. International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology, 3(2), pp.101-105. Meyer-Marcotty, P.D.P., Boehm, H., Linz, C., Kunz, F., Keil, N., Stellzig-Eisenhauer, A. and Schweitzer, T., 2012. Head orthesis therapy in infants with unilateral positional plagiocephaly: an interdisciplinary approach to broadening the range of orthodontic treatment. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopdie, 73(2), pp.151-165. Pahkala, R., 2013. Orthodontic Retainers and Removable Appliances: Principles of Design and Use (2013).The European Journal of Orthodontics, p.cjt040. Papageorgiou, S.N., Glz, L., Jger, A., Eliades, T. and Bourauel, C., 2016. Lingual vs. labial fixed orthodontic appliances: systematic review and metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis of treatment effects.European journal of oral sciences. Teh, L.H., Kerr, W.J.S. and McColl, J.H., 2014. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in the General Dental Service in Scotland.Journal of Orthodontics. Vig, P., 2013. Orthodontic retainers and removable appliances: principles of design and use.British dental journal,215(10), pp.537-537. Zhao, B., van der Mei, H.C., Subbiahdoss, G., de Vries, J., Rustema-Abbing, M., Kuijer, R., Busscher, H.J. and Ren, Y., 2014. Soft tissue integration versus early biofilm formation on different dental implant materials.Dental materials, 30(7), pp.716-727.

NONE Essays - Youth Outreach, Hong Kong, Social Work,

Interview Report Introduction The writer believes that the information obtained from an interview will help his career. It is because the person interviewed is in-field. Thus he must have got insight for the career he is pursuing. That will help the writer to narrow down his career and making the vision clearer. Moreover, the information is first-handed. That means it is more reliable and cogent. Though the writer do not plan to be a licensed social worker. It is believed that a social worker and a clinical psychologist share the same subject and having the same nature of serving people and tackling their problems. Date of Interview: 18th November, 2011 Time of Interview: 2:15p.m. To 3:15p.m. Details of interviewee: Name: Chan Chi Ho (named Chi Ho in paragraph) Post in Organization: Social Work Supervisor Name of Organization: Youth Outreach () Details of the interview Characterising the career Regarding the competition of the career, Chi Ho mentioned that we had to set a viewpoint in the nature of the company he was working in. Basically, it was divided into ?high? and ?low?. ( The writer assumes that ?high? is ?for providing specific services such as ?marginal teenager issues? or ?abuse problems? and ?low? is ?for providing general consulting service?. ) If he was working in the ?low? field, it would be competitive as there are many social workers graduating from universities and associate degrees in Hong Kong. If he was working in the ?high? field (which is what he is doing, solving marginal teenagers problem), he found it non-competitive. Different social workers specialized in serving different clients in fields. For example, few community centres served the function of Youth Outreach in providing help to teenagers in Hong Kong. He also found the career to be challenging. He could help clients to find themselves and tackle their difficulties. Moreover, there would be a positive feeling when he saw the teenagers really grew up and started to improve the relationships with their parents and family. He found stress not a big deal, too. Working with colleagues Working with his colleagues made him learn two things, the types of people and the discovery of people having the same aim as he does. He learnt there will be different personality traits when he was working with his partners. Apart from that, work is unlimited and sometimes cannot be done solely, he stressed on completing tasks in team. He discovered the colleagues were having the same aim with him, which is helping teen to be successful. They often helped each other and did support job when there were cases that the in-chard social worker was not available. They both stressed on working together. He also mentioned a sentence of ?We are in the same boat.?. He also accepted the fact that different methods might solve the cases too. Future perspective of the career Chi Ho found that the government's attitude was a decisive factor to the future of the career/ industy. If the government is holding back capital to community centres, it will be bad for the daily operation to newly established centres based on the fact that, new centres do not have a stable source of income. If the government is willing to give chances to new centres by keep offering contracts and financial support to them, it will be easier for them to survive. There might be other factors affecting the government's attitude proposed by Chi Ho. He was concerned that the aging problem in Hong Kong was getting more serious. Will the government give more attention to the aging problem by providing more resources to them? Will the existing resources towards the marginal teenager problems be shrunk? Requirements for the career Chi Ho said that there should be four requirements for the career, regarding academic requirement, work experiences, self management and flexibility in working with principles. It was a must for a social worker to have a Bachelor's Degree of Social Science-related subject or an Associate Degree of Social Science-related subject.

Euthanasia3 essays

Euthanasia3 essays Euthanasia continues to be an extremely controversial issue in society, and there are many opposing viewpoints concerning this specific subject. The case of Sue Rodriguez versus the province of British Columbia, is one that demonstrates the high degree of debate over such a sensitive topic, as euthanasia. The following is an analytical examination of the case at hand, and a critical comparison of it, to the theories of Patrick Nowell-Smith. When relating the theories of Patrick Nowell -Smith to the case of Sue Rodriguez, it is evident that he would not agree with the judges final decision. Firstly, it is necessary to discuss some of the relevant and significant points of the case. Sue Rodriguez is a mother in her forties, suffering from Lou Gehrigs disease. Her life expectancy is several months, however her condition is deteriorating quickly. Soon, she will no longer be able to swallow, speak, walk or move, and she will require a respirator in order to breath. She will be bedridden. Sue Rodriguez is aware of her situation and knows that death is inevitable, however, she wishes to control her circumstances, and her time and manner of death. By the time Sue is no longer able to enjoy life, she will be physically unable to terminate her life with out assistance. Sue is not requesting that her death be caused by active euthanasia, which would be by means of a doctor physically ending her life with some form of injection. She is asking that a qualified medical physician set up a certain technological system that would allow her, if she chose to, end her life with he r own hand. This is passive euthanasia, as it allows the victim herself to control the time and manner of her own death. The Criminal Code includes a section regarding the idea of suicide that the judge lays before her in an attempt to defy her wishes. Section 241 states that Every one who counsels a person to commit suicide or aids or abets someo...

Writing Tips Metaphors and Similes - Get Writing Tips with Proofed!

Writing Tips Metaphors and Similes - Get Writing Tips with Proofed! Writing Tips: Metaphors and Similes Metaphors and similes are common in creative writing, and both use comparisons to tell us something about the world. However, there are some important distinctions between the two. So, before you dive into the seas of literature, let us offer the life jacket of knowledge as we explain the differences between metaphors and similes. We will apologize in advance for all the nautical imagery, but we do enjoy a theme. What Are Metaphors? Metaphors are words or phrases applied in a non-literal way to make a comparison. For example: The winter sea was a dark blue wasteland stretching to the horizon. Here, the metaphor is calling the sea a â€Å"dark blue wasteland.† The sea is not literally a wasteland; if it were, it would be considerably drier. However, by making this comparison, we can suggest that the winter sea shares qualities with a wasteland (e.g., being inhospitable and empty). The essence of a metaphor is that, even though it is not literal, it is stated as if it were. It is not just a comparison: We are saying that the sea is a wasteland, which looks like a literal statement on the surface, so we have to know that it is a metaphor before we can understand it. Metaphors are common in poetry and literature, but they’re also in some everyday phrases. If we say we are â€Å"all at sea,† for instance, we mean that we’re confused, not literally that we are lost on the ocean! Even the term â€Å"table leg† is technically a metaphor, since â€Å"leg† originally applied to limbs only, but it so common now we don’t even notice it. It is therefore known as a dead metaphor. What Are Similes? While metaphors involve suggesting that something is something else, similes are more modest. If we use a simile, we are only saying that something is like something else. For example: The sky rumbled like an argument in the heavens. Here, we’re not suggesting that there was actually an argument going on; we are simply saying that the thunder reminds us of an argument. Similes therefore use terms such as â€Å"like† or â€Å"as if† to indicate they are not literal (e.g., â€Å"the wind seemed angry† or â€Å"we ate as if we were starving†). Metaphors vs. Similes Ultimately, you don’t need to know the differences between metaphors and similes to use them. However, knowing this is essential if you’re writing about literature for a college paper! Remember: A metaphor involves claiming that something is something else to make a comparison A simile only involves claiming that something is like something else

Conditions of enslavement and resistance by the women in barbados Essay

Conditions of enslavement and resistance by the women in barbados - Essay Example More pointedly and often ignored, the enslavement of women and their resistance to their lot presents not only an interesting historical recount, but in its impact on the island’s culture, a crucial aspect of its development and singular identity as a country rich in African tradition and lore—a tradition kept alive by the passive resistance of slave women. Colonialism and the Beginning of Slavery According to Appiah and Gates ( 1999), some time after 800 c.e. , several South American native tribes began migrating to Barbados; most were eventually driven out by the notoriously fierce Caribs, also from South America. The Caribs eventually took over the population of the island. In the first decade of the sixteenth century, Spanish conquistadors conquered the Caribs and began enslaving Barbados’s inhabitants, removing many to work on emerging sugar plantations throughout the Caribbean and on the mainland. Those remaining quickly fell victim to small pox and tubercu losis. (Barbados.org, 2009) By the time the British arrived in the early 1600s, the island was virtually uninhabited and seemed a prime place for the British to take over for their own expanding plantations in the region. In 1627 the first African slaves along with eighty British colonists landed on the island at Holetown Village. Appiah and Gates (1999) provide the following overview: Barbados was a colony founded entirely on slave labor. As early as the seventeenth century black slaves outnumbered whites by nearly four to one, culminating in the creation of legal and political institutions that dominated and subjugated the island's black majority for more than 300 years. The authoritarian style with which the white minority ruled Barbados was admired and emulated by white colonists throughout the Caribbean... By the mid-seventeenth century Barbados was the prototype for European colonialism, and the demise of that system on the island bears vivid testimony to the ability of Africa n slaves to overcome enormous obstacles on the road to freedom. (par. 3) Most of the slaves were provided by Dutch merchants†¦from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon. Many, as was usually the case due to the harsh environment of slave ships themselves, died before reaching their destinations. The harshness of the trips is attested to in eyewitness accounts that describe a scene after a gale. â€Å"By the time the tarp was removed and the portholes opened nearly a third of the people below had perished† (World Sagas.com, no date, par. 16). From the very beginning unrest among the slave population was evident. Laws regulating the slaves were quickly put into place and harshly enforced. By the 1800's, there were laws prohibiting slaves from leaving their plantations without permission and curtailment of cultural traditions of communication, such as the beating drums or any other instruments. Runaway-- men and women-- were treated harshly; law s required the return of runaways and leniency for anyone who killed runaways was institutional. The Lot of Women Slaves When it comes to slavery in general, history and other portrayals of enslaved people tend to focus on the role of men. This male dominated history fails to acknowledge and even devalues the role of women at all levels of slavery. Shepherd, Brereton and Baily (1999) in Women in Caribbean History states that until

Disclosure of information Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disclosure of information - Movie Review Example Instead of rebuking, Will assured her and said, â€Å"I know†. Grace was honest enough to disclose that it â€Å"wasn’t right† that â€Å"he was a smart, attractive guy who love me, who I love by the way. Why wasn’t it right?† Will did not demonstrate the slightest hint of anger but instead consoled Grace with the story of a play back in college. That the protagonists seemed â€Å"so perfect with each other but kept on missing each other because they are not destined to be.† Further assuring Grace, â€Å"Gracie, you are just in the middle of your movie and the point is, it’s not yet over. The movie will have a happy ending. You’ll just have to see it through.† And the trust was demonstrated when the two of them, with friends, had a drink later despite of what happened with Grace still in her wedding dress. When prodded, the two of them even kissed and kidded there was â€Å"nothing†. The episode tells us the lesson that though things did not materialize as intended, commitment does not have to end. As Will puts it, â€Å"Gracie, you are just in the middle of your movie and the point is, it’s not yet over. The movie will have a happy ending.† It could have been understandable had Will been upset and frustrated.

Essential Functions of a Project Manager Essay Example for Free

Essential Functions of a Project Manager Essay The Essential Functions of a Project Manager A project manager (PM) is a facilitator. The ideal project manager does whatever it takes to ensure that the members of the project team can do their work. This means working with management to ensure they provide the resources and support required as well as dealing with team issues that are negatively impacting a teams productivity. The project manager must possess a combination of skills including the ability to ask penetrating questions, identify unstated assumptions, and resolve personnel conflicts along with more systematic management skills. This person is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing a project. The actions of a project manager should be almost unnoticeable and when a project is moving along smoothly people are sometimes tempted to question the need for a project manager. However, when you take the skilled project manager out of the mix, the project is much more likely to miss deadlines and exceed budgets. The project manager is the one who is responsible for making decisions in such a way that risk is controlled and uncertainty minimized. Every decision made by the project manager should ideally be directly benefit the project. A successful PM must simultaneously manage the four basic elements of a project: resources (people, equipment, material), time (task duration, dependencies, critical path), money (costs, contingencies, profits), and most importantly, scope (project size, goals, profit). All these elements are interrelated. Each must be managed effectively. All must be managed together if the project, and the project manager, is to be a success. The Scope element of a project is the most important and it is the first and last task for a successful project manager. First and foremost you have to manage the project scope. The project scope is the definition of what the project is supposed to accomplish and the budget (of time and money) that has been created to achieve these objectives. It is absolutely imperative that any change to the scope of the project have a matching change in budget, either time or resources. If the project scope is to build a building to house three widgets with a budget of $100,000 the project manager is expected to do that. However, if the scope is changed to a building for four widgets, the project manager must obtain an appropriate change in budgeted resources. If the budget is not adjusted, the smart project manager will avoid the change in scope. Usually, scope changes occur in the form of scope creep. Scope creep is the piling up of small changes that by themselves are manageable, but in aggregate are significant. It is necessary to make sure any requested change, no matter how small, is accompanied by approval for a change in budget or schedule or both. A PM cannot effectively manage the resources, time and money in a project unless you actively manage the project scope. When the project scope is clearly identified and associated to the timeline and budget, the PM can begin to manage the project resources. These include the people, equipment, and material needed to complete the project. A successful PM must effectively manage the Resources assigned to the project. This includes the labor hours of the designers, the builders, the testers and the inspectors on the project team. It also includes managing any labor subcontracts. However, managing project resources frequently involves more than people management. The project manager must also manage the equipment used for the project and the material needed by the people and equipment assigned to the project. Managing the people resources means having the right people, with the right skills and the proper tools, in the right quantity at the right time. It also means ensuring that they know what needs to be done, when, and how. And it means motivating them to take ownership in the project too. Managing direct employees normally means managing the senior person in each group of employees assigned to your project. These employees also have a line manager to whom they report and from whom the usually take technical direction. In a matrix management situation, like a project team, the PM’s job is to provide project direction to them. Managing labor subcontracts usually means managing the team lead for the subcontracted workers, who in turn manages the workers. The equipment a PM has to manage as part of the project depends on the nature of the project. A project to construct a frozen food warehouse would need earth moving equipment, cranes, and cement trucks. For a project to release a new version of a computer game, the equipment would include computers, test equipment, and duplication and packaging machinery. The project management key for equipment is much like for people resources. They have to make sure workers have the right equipment in the right place at the right time and that it has the supplies it needs to operate properly. Most projects involve the purchase of material. For a frozen food arehouse, this would be freezers, the building HVAC machinery and the material handling equipment. For a project to release a music CD by a hot new artist, it would include the CD blanks, artwork for the jewel case, and press releases to be sent to deejays. The project management issue with supplies is to make sure the right supplies arrive at the right time. All the skill in managing resources wont help, however, unless the PM can stic k to the project schedule. Time management is critical in successful project management. Time management is a critically important skill for any successful project manager. Project managers who succeed in meeting their project schedule have a good chance of staying within their project budget. The most common cause of blown project budgets is lack of schedule management. Fortunately there is a lot of software on the market today to help manage project schedule or timeline. Any project can be broken down into a number of tasks that have to be performed. To prepare the project schedule, the project manager has to figure out what the tasks are, how long they will take, what resources they require, and in what order they should be done. Each of these elements has a direct bearing on the schedule. If a task is omitted, the project wont be completed. If the length of time or the amount of resources required for the task is underestimated, the schedule will be missed. The schedule can also be blown if a mistake in the sequencing of the tasks is made. The PM needs to build the project schedule by listing, in order, all the tasks that need to be completed. Assign duration to each task. Allocate the required resources. Determine predecessors (what tasks must be completed before) and successors (tasks that cant start until after) each task. The difficulty in managing a project schedule is that there are seldom enough resources and enough time to complete the tasks sequentially. Therefore, tasks have to be overlapped so several happen at the same time. Project management software greatly simplifies the task of creating and managing the project schedule by handling the iterations in the schedule logic. When all tasks have been listed, resourced, and sequenced, it is noticeable that some tasks have a little flexibility in their required start and finish date. This is called float. A line through all the tasks with zero float is called the critical path. All tasks on this path, and there can be multiple, parallel paths, must be completed on time if the project is to be completed on time. The Project Managers key time management task is to manage the critical path. Be aware, that items can be added to or removed from the critical path as circumstances change during the execution of the project. Installation of security cameras may not be on the critical path, but if the shipment is delayed, it may become part of the critical path. Conversely, pouring the concrete foundation may be on the critical path, but if the project manager obtains an addition crew and the pour is completed early it could come off the critical path (or reduce the length of the critical path). Regardless of how well you manage the schedule and the resources, there is one more critical element called managing the budget. Often a PM is evaluated on his or her ability to complete a project within Budget. If the project resources and project schedule is managed effectively, this should not be a problem. It is, however, a task that requires the project managers careful attention. Each project task will have a cost whether it is the cost of the labor hours of a computer programmer or the purchase price of a cubic yard of concrete. In preparing the project budget, each of these costs is estimated and then totaled. Some of these estimates will be more accurate than others. A company knows what it will charge each of its projects for different classifications of labor. Commodities like concrete are priced in a very competitive market so prices are fairly predictable. Other estimates are less accurate. For instance, the cost of a conveyor system with higher performance specifications that normal can be estimated to be more expensive, but it is hard to determine whether it will be 10% more or 15% more. For an expensive item, that can be a significant amount. When the estimated cost of an item is uncertain, the project budget often includes a design allowance. This is money that is set-aside in the budget just in case the actual cost of the item is wildly different than the estimate. Unusual weather or problems with suppliers are always a possibility on large projects. Companies usually include a contingency amount in the project budget to cover these kinds of things. So a project budget is composed of the estimated cost, plus the contingency and design allowance, plus any profit. The project managers job is to keep the actual cost at or below the estimated cost, to use as little of the design allowance and contingency as possible, and to maximize the profit the company earns on the project. To maximize the chances of meeting the project udget, the PM must meet the project schedule. The most common cause of blown budgets is blown schedules. Meeting the project schedule wont guarantee the project budget is met, but it significantly increases the chances. And above all, management of the project scope is detrimental. PM should not allow the project scope to creep upward without getting budget and/or schedule adjustments to match. Successful project management is an art and a science that takes practice. The ideas presented above can give a basic understanding of project management, but consider it is only the beginning. In order to have a successful career in project managements, it is necessary to talk to successful project managers, read, and practice to acquired experience and confidence.

Essay on Women in Iliad, Odyssey, and the Bible -- comparison compare

Role of Women in Iliad, Odyssey, and the Bible Much is known of men in ancient civilizations, from the famous philosophers and mathematicians of Greece to the patriarchs and subsequent kings of the nation of Israel. It would seem, however, that history has forgotten the women of these times. What of the famous female thinkers of Ancient Greece, the distinguished stateswomen of Rome? What power did they hold? What was their position in societies of the distant past? A glimpse into the roles and influence of women in antiquity can be discovered in such ancient masterpieces as the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Hebrew Bible. In the Iliad, women are barely mentioned, and then only as spoils of war or treacherous creatures not worthy of a man's trust. The two main Argive heroes, Achilles and Agamemnon, the brightest and best of the Greeks, enslave captured women to keep as personal prostitutes, passing them around and dividing them among each other as if the women were no different from the rest of the booty they have won in battle. Agamemnon says of Chryseis, the girl he has claimed for himself, "[. . .] The girl-I won't give up the girl. Long before that, / old age will overtake her in my house, in Argos, / far from her fatherland, slaving back and forth / at the loom, forced to share my bed!"(Homer , book 2, 33-36). Indeed, these two paragons of Greek virtue talk and act as if these women are not truly people; Achilles may have a fit when Agamemnon tries to lay claim to his prize, Briseis, but more from a sense of being cheated out of his share in the loot that any real compassion for the girl or her si tuation. Helen, a prominent figure in the fable of the Trojan War, has barely a cameo in this version of the Iliad, and he... ... sons and to be obedient, but occasionally, some women were not content with this one purpose in life. Throughout history, we have a few examples of extraordinary women who held power and influence, such as Hetshepsut, the first female pharaoh of Egypt, and Cleopatra, who managed to snag two notable Roman generals. A sense of women's resorting to indirect means to obtain power can be seen in these works of the ancient world, of women's exerting influence perhaps through the men they marry or the positions they hold, if not outwardly of power, then at least with some chance of gaining it. Works Cited Homer. Iliad. Mack 1: 98-208. -----. Odyssey. Mack 1: 208-540. The Inspirational Study Bible. Ed. Max Lucado. Dallas: World Publishing, 1995. Mack, Maynard, et al. eds. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. 6th ed. 2 Vols. New   York: Norton, 1992. Essay on Women in Iliad, Odyssey, and the Bible -- comparison compare Role of Women in Iliad, Odyssey, and the Bible Much is known of men in ancient civilizations, from the famous philosophers and mathematicians of Greece to the patriarchs and subsequent kings of the nation of Israel. It would seem, however, that history has forgotten the women of these times. What of the famous female thinkers of Ancient Greece, the distinguished stateswomen of Rome? What power did they hold? What was their position in societies of the distant past? A glimpse into the roles and influence of women in antiquity can be discovered in such ancient masterpieces as the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Hebrew Bible. In the Iliad, women are barely mentioned, and then only as spoils of war or treacherous creatures not worthy of a man's trust. The two main Argive heroes, Achilles and Agamemnon, the brightest and best of the Greeks, enslave captured women to keep as personal prostitutes, passing them around and dividing them among each other as if the women were no different from the rest of the booty they have won in battle. Agamemnon says of Chryseis, the girl he has claimed for himself, "[. . .] The girl-I won't give up the girl. Long before that, / old age will overtake her in my house, in Argos, / far from her fatherland, slaving back and forth / at the loom, forced to share my bed!"(Homer , book 2, 33-36). Indeed, these two paragons of Greek virtue talk and act as if these women are not truly people; Achilles may have a fit when Agamemnon tries to lay claim to his prize, Briseis, but more from a sense of being cheated out of his share in the loot that any real compassion for the girl or her si tuation. Helen, a prominent figure in the fable of the Trojan War, has barely a cameo in this version of the Iliad, and he... ... sons and to be obedient, but occasionally, some women were not content with this one purpose in life. Throughout history, we have a few examples of extraordinary women who held power and influence, such as Hetshepsut, the first female pharaoh of Egypt, and Cleopatra, who managed to snag two notable Roman generals. A sense of women's resorting to indirect means to obtain power can be seen in these works of the ancient world, of women's exerting influence perhaps through the men they marry or the positions they hold, if not outwardly of power, then at least with some chance of gaining it. Works Cited Homer. Iliad. Mack 1: 98-208. -----. Odyssey. Mack 1: 208-540. The Inspirational Study Bible. Ed. Max Lucado. Dallas: World Publishing, 1995. Mack, Maynard, et al. eds. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. 6th ed. 2 Vols. New   York: Norton, 1992.

Reigniting Your Passion for God Essay

The creative force behind all great art, all great drama, all great music, all great architecture and all great writing is passion. Nothing great is ever accomplished in life without passion. Nothing great is ever sustained in life without passion. Passion is what energizes life. Passion makes the impossible possible. Passion gives you a reason to get up in the morning and go and say, â€Å"I’m going to do something with my life today.† Without passion life becomes boring. It becomes monotonous. It becomes routine. It becomes dull. God created you with the emotions to have passion in your life and He wants you to live a passionate life for Him. Passion is what mobilizes armies into action. Passion is what causes explorers to boldly go where no man’s gone before. Passion is what causes scientists to spend late night hours trying to find the cure to a dreaded disease. Passion is what takes a good athlete and turns him or her into a great athlete where they’r e breaking records. You’ve got to have passion in your life. One day a man walks up to Jesus and he says, â€Å"Lord, what’s the most important thing in the Bible?† And you know what the Great Commandment is. We’ve talked about it many times. Jesus said, â€Å"I want you to love God with all your heart and soul and mind and strength. Nothing matters more than that. That’s the number one thing in life. I want you to love Me passionately.† Nothing else matters in life if you don’t love God with passion. God doesn’t want you to love Him half-heartedly. He wants you to love Him with all your heart and all your soul and all your mind and all your strength. I love the paraphrase of that verse, Mark 11:30, from The Message â€Å"Jesus said, ’Love the Lord God with all your passion and prayer and intelligence and energy.† Circle the word â€Å"passion†. That word, in Greek, is the word â€Å"heart.† God is saying I want you to put some muscle into it, put some energy, put some emotion into your relationship with Me. Don’t be a wimp about your relationship with Me. Don’t be namby-pamby. Don’t be half-hearted. Give it all you’ve got. Jesus is saying, â€Å"If you’re going to follow Me, you’ve got to go it with passion. You’ve got to give it some oomph, some spark, some zip, some enthusiasm, some zest. In other words I want you to live your life with me passionately.† In fact, this truth is all through the Bible. The Bible tells us that we’re to seek God passionately. We’re to love God passionately. The Bible says that we’re to serve and obey God passionately. We’re to trust God passionately. Then as if you didn’t get the message, in Colossians 3:23 He says â€Å"Whatever you do, do it with all of your heart as unto the Lord and not unto men.† He says I want you to do everything passionately when it comes to loving Me, serving Me, living for Me. Here’s the amazing thing. In America it’s ok to be passionate about anything except God. That is not politically correct — to be passionate about God. I can be passionate about movies. I can be passionate about sports. I can be passionate about politics. I can be passionate about fashions and clothes. I can be passionate about restaurants. But I cannot be passionate about God. That’s a no-no. I typed in the phrase â€Å"a passion for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  into Amazon.com and found a couple hundred books with that title. There’s a book call A Passion for Birds, A Passion for Books, A Passion for Cactus, A Passion for Chocolate (that’s understandable), A Passion for Fashion, †¦ for Fishing†¦ for Flying, †¦ for Gardening, †¦ Golf, Hunting. There’s even a book called A Passion For Mushrooms. A Passion for Needlepoint, Pasta, Ponies. There’s a book called, A Passion for Potatoes, for Roses, for Shoes. There’s even a book called A Passion for Steam. I can’t figure out what that one’s all about! I don’t know why you’d get passionate about steam. But in our culture today it’s ok to be passionate about anything except your religion, except your faith, except your relationship with God. I can go to a concert, or a political rally or a baseball game and I can shout my head off. I can get excited. I can get hoarse from yelling so loud. When my team loses I could cry. Nobody thinks that’s a big deal. When my team wins I can jump up and dance around and wave my hands in the air. If I do that at a game people go, â€Å"He’s a real fan!† But if I do that in church people say, â€Å"He’s a fanatic! He’s a nut case.† You don’t want to get too emotional about your faith. Its ok about anything else but not that. Romans 12:1 â€Å"Never be lacking in zeal, but keep your spiritual fervor.† Keep the fires going in your life. Circle the word â€Å"keep.† Notice, it’s not automatic. It’s a choice. It’s a discipline. It’s something you must maintain. You are not by nature passionate about God. It’s something that you must choose to do. You get distracted and everything in life conspires to keep you from being passionate about God. So He says keep your passion going. Keep the fires going. It’s a discipline. It’s not just automatic. This kind of thing — being passionate about God has nothing to do with either your personality or your age. Our churches are filled with hundreds if not thousands of senior believers who have walked with God a long, long time and are still passionate. But everything in life conspires to keep you from being passionate. And it dissipates your energy. When you first become a believer and you really understand what a good deal you’ve got you get excited about it, â€Å"This is quite a big deal! All my sins were forgiven. I now have a purpose for living, and I now have a future home in heaven. What a deal! And you get excited about that when you give your life to Christ and you’re pretty passionate. But as time goes by you begin to lose your steam. You begin to lose your zip, your zest, your enthusiasm. What happened? Why does that happen? That’s what we’re going to look at today. As we go through God’s word we’re going to look at seven passion killers, things that rob the joy out of your life. I thought this would be a very appropriate message, right in the middle of winter, when nobody feels very passionate about much of anything. You want the warmth of summer back. So this morning we’re going to look at these passion killers together. I want you to use it as a checklist. Because God says, I want you to love Me with all of your heart.

Foreign and Local Literature Essay

This particular chapter presents the review of Foreign and Local Literature and Studies relevant to the present study. Related Literature Foreign Literature According to the book entitled â€Å"Call Center 100 Success Secrets† in December 6, 2007 authored by Gerard Blokdijk. The 100 Success Secrets is not about the ins and outs of the call center. Instead, it answers the top 100 questions that we are asked and those we come across in forums, our consultancy and education programs. It tells you exactly how to deal with those questions, with tips that have never before been offered in print. This book is also not about a call centers best practice and standards details. Instead it introduces everything you want to know to be successful with and in a call center. Well this book gives emphasis about the topics. The Difference Between an Advanced Call Center and A Large Call Center What Does an Appointment Setter Call Center Part Time Employee Do? Taking a Closer Look at Customer Service Offices in Call Centers The Voice of your Product or Service Get the information you need through A Data Entry Call Center Call Center Jobs Taking Chances on a Call Center Career Conquering Challenges of Call Center/Customer Service Managers Manage the Telemarketing of Products through Call Center The Qualities of an Effective Call Center Financial Services Representative Qualities of a Call Center Representative Call Center here at your Service Call Center Supervisor Manager for High Tech Companies in Austin, Texas The Need to Train a Call Center Agent Tips on How to Provide Excellent Customer Service towards an Exciting Call Center Career Call Center: An Answer To All Your Queries Standard Requirements for A Call Center Agent Applicant What is the Nature of the Job of Call Center Agents? How the Call Center Airline Industry Works The Life of A Call Center Analyst The Call Center and its Customer Service Why Choose Call Center Careers? The Call Center Conference Call Center Consultants: A Hassle Free Solution To Manage Call Center Call Center Consulting For Your Company Call Center And Customer Service: One And The Same Customer Service And Call  Center Jobs: The responsibilities Of Order Desk Supervisors That Can Lead You To Great Opportunities The Many Career Options Open To An Experienced Call Center Customer Service Rep Call Center Customer Service: Supervisor and Manager Positions The Responsibilities Of Call Center Director How Call Center Employment Keeps BPO Companies Grounded in Reality Why You Need A Call Center Furniture Call Center Jobs: How To Find One? What You Need To Know About Call Center Management The Different Types of Call Center Management Jobs The Main Responsibilities Of Call Center Managers The Operation in a Call Center Call Center Operations Manager The Operators in a Call Center Call Center Or Customer Service: What It Can Do To Your Company The Facts About Call Center Outsourcing Call Center Pricing Is Affordable The On-the-Job Duties of A Call Center Rep Call Center Representative: Frontline In Customer Service Why Call Center Sales Training is Important for New Hires The Services In a Call Center Call Center Software: A Great Tool For Call Center Management Offshore Outsourcing the Call Center Solution for Western Companies Why Call Center Solutions Are Important to Everyone Your Challenge: Being A Supervisor In A Call Center Why You Need Call Center Support The Qualities of a Call Center Vice President How to Prepare for Call Center Work at Home The Many Advantages of Establishing a Call Center Work from Home Call Center Career: Clerical, Typing And Word Processing Skills A Must! Client Services, Call Center And Customer Service: A Great Solution To Meet Consumer Needs When Is A Collection Call Center Customer Service Representative Necessary? The difference of our thesis with this book is our thesis mainly focus on the questions to be answer such Why the undergraduate people was able to get a job while the fresh graduate was havin g a problem? Why Call Centers always get sick easily, headache, fever, stress and etc? How to adapt this kind of environment? Why lot of people are resigning after a couple of the months? , also the result of our study will be serving as a guide of other people who would like to enter this kind of industry. According to the article entitled â€Å"Making the Right Calls† in March 09, 2006 authored by Tom Rieger . If a representative meets all the quality requirements but does not help the customers , the representative and the company is considered fail. Providing great customer service in a call  center is challenging. The action never stops, and managers are inundated with data. Everything a call center employee or team does is measured and monitored, from call quality to handle time to schedule adherence to unit cost. Reports are constantly sent out, and feedback sessions are frequent. Ultimately, success in a call center comes down to how well each customer service representative engages each customer. Despite continuous reporting, feedback, and monitoring, and regardless of the reams of data, many call centers struggle to improve their levels of performance, and organizational barriers often prevent improvement. By conducting a series of formal audits in nine different call centers in four different industries, Tom Rieger had identified four barriers that can substantially undermine local efforts to improve employee and customer engagement in call centers. Those are the following , No time to coach , No time to learn , Confusing the process with the result , Poor alignment and communication with other departments . Well this journal mainly focus with the barriers that can substantially undermine local efforts to improve employee and customer engagement in call centers such as team leaders have limited time to invest in their teams, such as coaching CSRs on how to create customer engagement or working to improve employee engagement. And training is useless if centers don’t give CSRs time to apply their new learning on the job. Most call centers, though, don’t allocate any time to help CSRs stay informed about changes; even when centers make time, they don’t help managers or CSRs sort to the highest priority changes. Yet CSRs are held accountable for implementing these changes, even though they often get in trouble for logging off the phones or checking e-mail to find out about them. The most important part of a customer service representative’s job is providing good customer service. But few centers enable customers to rate their experience; fewer still track the customer experience at the individual CSR level. More often, a CSR’s customer service performance is subjectively determined by someone other than his customers, using a checklist of phrases and behaviors that may not have anything to do with providing good customer service. Ultimately, â€Å"what you grade† determines â€Å"what you get.† If a CSR meets all his quality requirements but does not help the customer, the CSR and the company have failed. Too often, call center managers’ goals are unrelated to the goals of  the internal groups they support; similarly, the internal groups’ goals can be unrelated to what happens in the call center or to the customers who call. As a result, promises made at one customer touchpoint may not be fulfilled at another. It also gives emphasis that few companies use their customer service centers to channel customer opinions back to the organization. Instead, too many companies use their call centers to push multiple and often conflicting initiatives at their customers. In our thesis focus on why the undergraduates was able to get a job while the fresh graduate was having a problem? Why Call Centers always get sick easily, headache, fever, stress and etc? How to adapt with this kind of environment? Why lot of people are resigning after a couple of the months? , also th e result of our study will be serving as a guide of other people who would like to enter this kind of industry.

Reduce hospitalization of nursing home residents

Reduce hospitalization of nursing home residents Nursing home care for the elderly has been a common practice in the US for many years. Normally, this practice has proved to be a beneficial intervention to many people who are in constant need of special care and treatment, once they have entered their golden years. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reduce hospitalization of nursing home residents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The practice also serves as a big relief to many families who may often find themselves tangled in great dilemma on how to best cater for either both or one of their parents who is not able to live independently, as a result of advanced age. Moreover, it is in the best will of the US government to administer special medical concern on the aging generation as it has been constituted in the health regulations. Bearing the above concerns in mind, home care for the elderly is a necessary intervention in USA and it has always been a welcomed ide a in all the states. However, no matter the overall benefits associated with nursing care, there have been great concerns recently, following increased hospitalization of residents of nursing homes (Feder and Komisar, 2005). Oftentimes, this has resulted into numerous hospitalization complications for the patients and unnecessary health care expenditures that have amounted into billions of dollars. This concern has triggered a number of multifaceted strategies and policy measures that are likely to prevent unnecessary hospitalization of nursing home residents, thus helping to address the current incentives associated with the practice. One such approach which has proved to be promising in addressing this matter is INTERACT. INTERACT, which is an acronym for ‘Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers’ is a special program of improvement whose main focus and mission is to take care of acute change in the condition of home care residents in the US. As it would be obse rved, the main objective of this program is to establish desirable care conditions in nursing facilities, thus minimizing the frequency of avoidable hospitalization of home care residents. These frequent but unnecessary hospitalizations have raised conflicting financial conflicts between Medicaid and Medicare, the two bodies involved in providing for nursing homes and hospital services, respectively. This however, has been observed to be as a result of inadequate or even lacking health care facilities within many nursing care homes. Some of these facilities would include radiology services, on-site pharmacies and well-trained staff in matters of health. INTERACT comes with educational and clinical tools, among other key strategies that would be necessary in addressing the recurring health issues associated with long-term care institutions (Loeb and Carusone, 2008). Through these interventions, INTERACT has proved to be able to identify and manage health conditions before they can reach stages that necessitate hospital intervention. Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This policy measure can be an effective intervention in helping to reduce unnecessary hospitalization of patients from long-term care facilities. According to recent studies on proposed interventions that have been designed with the aim of minimizing avoidable hospitalizations of nursing care residents, INTERACT has proved to be promising in all settings. However, just like any other realistic strategy, this intervention has its own limitations and disadvantages. One of the biggest limitations associated with the program is that, it is yet to be fully accepted by many nursing home residents, as an effective strategy that could be used to address most of their seemingly complex health problems. Most people who have entrusted their loved ones in the care of nursing care facilities wo uld prefer hospitals to be the most promising intervention when it comes to the health of their elderly loved ones (Kayser-Jones and Wiener, 1999). Another possible limitation of this intervention is that, it is known only in some states and it is yet to be established in many nursing homes across the country. Publicity of INTERACT as a program having the necessary infrastructure and leadership commitment in health care matters for the elderly is one promising way that can be used to overcome these issues. The other possible way to deal with the limitations of the program in its services is to advocate for its acceptance by taking it into every corner of the country where it is needed by nursing care residents. References Feder, J. and Komisar, H. (2005). Long-term care in the United States: An overview. Health Affairs, 19 (3), 40-56. Kayser-Jones, J and Wiener, C. (1999). Factors contributing to the hospitalization of nursing home residents. The Gerontologist, 29 (4), 502. Loeb, M . and Carusone, S. (2008). Effect of a clinical pathway to reduceAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reduce hospitalization of nursing home residents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More hospitalizations in nursing home residents with pneumonia. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295 (21), 2503.

Visa para jóvenes para trabajar como staff campamento

Visa para jà ³venes para trabajar como staff campamento Una de las mejores opciones para jà ³venes para trabajar  en Estados Unidos y practicar inglà ©s con una visa de intercambio J-1 en el programa de staff de un campamento de verano. En este artà ­culo se explican cules son los requisitos para disfrutar de esta oportunidad de trabajar como monitor (staff) en un campamento de verano, cules son las precauciones que deben tomarse para evitar problemas migratorios y cules son otras posibles opciones en programas similares.  ¿Quià ©nes Pueden Aplicar Por Visa J-1 Para Trabajar Como Staff de Campamento? Pueden trabajar en campamentos de verano como staff los extranjeros con una visa J-1 de intercambio los extranjeros que viven habitualmente fuera de Estados Unidos y  que reà ºnan todos los requerimientos siguientes: Tener al menos los 18 aà ±os cumplidosSer estudiante universitario o de un programa acadà ©mico semejante. O ser un trabajador joven o un maestro o una persona adulta con habilidades adecuadas para este trabajo  Tener conocimientos de inglà ©s suficientes para poder supervisar y relacionarse con adolescentes y nià ±os americanos Pasos  Para Trabajar Como Monitor de Campamento en USA Antes de pedir  esta modalidad de la visa J-1 de intercambio en la Embajada o consulado que corresponda es necesario encontrar un patrocinador para ese trabajo. Para ello hay que contactar con una de las organizaciones autorizadas por el Departamento de Estado para patrocinar  extranjeros para este programa.   Este es el listado de organizaciones designadas para patrocinar. Encontrars el nombre de la organizacià ³n, pgina web, su ubicacià ³n (ciudad y estado) y nà ºmero de telà ©fono. Puedes contactar a los que quieras y es posible que tengan un colaborador en tu paà ­s. Pero verifà ­calo por correo electrà ³nico o por telà ©fono con la organizacià ³n en Estados Unidos. Cuando una de estas organizaciones decida patrocinar  te enviar un documento que se conoce con el nombre DS-2019. A  partir de lo  cual puedes iniciar a tramitar la visa por internet llenando el formulario DS-160 y pagando la cuota correspondiente. Y sà ³lo ms tarde tendrs que ir al consulado o a la Embajada a la entrevista.   Si tu solicitud es aprobada, se te dar la visa. Si la solicitud es negada no podrs recuperar el dinero pagado al aplicar por el visado. Cà ³mo Evitar Problemas Migratorios Con Visa de Intercambio Aà ºn cuando se te entregue la visa, no puedes utilizarla para ingresar a Estados Unidos sino hasta que falten 30 dà ­as o menos para la iniciacià ³n del programa de campamento en el que se va a participar. La fecha exacta de comienzo es la que establece el documento DS-2019 que te entregà ³ la institucià ³n que te patrocina. Una vez que finaliza el programa tienes 30 dà ­as para salir de Estados Unidos. A menos que hayas pedido a tiempo una extensià ³n y se haya aprobado. Otros Programas de Intercambio J-1 Que Quiz Te Puedan Interesar Si eres joven y buscas mejorar tu inglà ©s y conocer Estados Unidos y la cultura americana de primera mano puede que te interesen programas similares al de monitor de campamento y que tambià ©n requieren de una visa J-1, puede que consideres de interà ©s los siguientes programas. Por ejemplo, la visa para  trabajar  y viajar en verano, tambià ©n conocida como SWT, por sus siglas en inglà ©s, o la de  Au-pair, tambià ©n conocido en algunos paà ­ses como nià ±era o canguro. Finalmente, los muchachos que han finalizado sus estudios universitarios pueden estar interesados en programas de prcticas profesionales, que estn disponibles para distintos campos de trabajo, como salud, arquitectura, arte, ciencias, etc. Es muy importante entender que cada programa dentro de la visa J-1 tiene sus propias reglas. De hecho, pueden tener requisitos muy diferentes. Lo fundamental es cumplir con los requerimientos del programa al que se aplica. Las Visas de Estudiantes Como una Excelente Opcià ³n Para Jà ³venes Para los muchachos interesados en estudiar en Estados Unidos estn a su disposicià ³n las visas F-1 para estudiantes de idiomas o en instituciones acadà ©micas  y las visas M-1 para estudios vocacionales o en escuelas no acadà ©micas. Adems, para los mexicanos y canadienses transfronterizos est a su disposicià ³n la visa F-3. En la actualidad Estados Unidos es el paà ­s del mundo con mayor nà ºmero de estudiantes internacionales. Los 3 estados preferidos de los alumnos internacionales son, por orden de mayor a menor, California, Nueva York y Texas. En cuanto a las universidades ms populares son New York University, University of South California y Columbia University. Para los que desean estudiar en una universidad estadounidense, sin duda el primer paso es hacerse una idea completa de los requisitos que se necesitan para aplicar con à ©xito a la institucià ³n elegida. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 22

Essay Example The essay, though apparently seems a difficult text for reading, has been established on firm and definite norms and objectives. â€Å"The first paragraph establishes the essays objective: to investigate technology in order to prepare us for a "free relationship" to it. One of the fundamental questions of the essay has to do with how "we†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ currently relate to technology, how we think about it, what we imagine it to be.† (Heidegger: The Question Concerning Technology, hawaii). Thus, in an ultimate evaluation of the essay one finds the worthiness and value of it. An exceptionally remarkable aspect of the essay "The Question Concerning Technology† is that it, more than any scholarly article on the complex questions around culture and technology, has influenced several other writers and thinkers as well as it is formed on the basis of the existing paradigms and scholarly works on the similar topics. Conspicuously, the interest of the author in "The Question Conce rning Technology† falls not on technology or the various forms of it but on an orientation of the readers towards technology. The essay seems to be very relevant and valid to the modern age of technological age as it has been a relevant interpretation of the modern man in relation to the technological advanced universe. Thus, the essay also amounts large scale influence and significance among the modern writers and it has been structured rooting its arguments and thoughts on the terminology of German, Greek, and Latin. For example, we may consider â€Å"episteme,† the first word that is significant to the idea of information that Heidegger explains to the reader. It can be defined, in simple translation, as "knowledge." In an analysis of the influences that informed this significant essay, it is important to note that the interest of the writer was to orient the readers to technology and act as a tool or mediator between the

Reasons for a Softening Insurance Market Assignment - 1

Reasons for a Softening Insurance Market - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that soft market conditions are likely to develop during periods of relatively low claim severity and frequency following hard market periods with opposite claim circumstances and re-insurers can command higher premium rates. During a soft market, a primary insurer such as Margin has more negotiating power in dealing with re-insurers than in a hard market. They can take advantage of this power by !) negotiating a premium reduction. 2) reduce their retention without an increase in cost or 3) obtain an increase in reinsurance covers at the same cost. Of the 3 alternatives, unless Margin feels they are already very well protected from catastrophic loss, option 1 should be the least favored one. Option 2 which I assume means keeping the same type of reinsurance but reducing their retention, I submit would be preferable because it would protect them better in case claims are more frequent and/or severe than anticipated. Option 3 I assume means con sidering also different types of reinsurance providing greater protection for the same cost. If so I think Margin should investigate this option. If they don’t already have stop-loss coverage for example perhaps this should be considered. As it protects their premium income if this can be obtained without additional cost. The bottom line for Margin is first of all for them to asses in a relatively worst-case scenario the number of claim costs it can safely bear without possibly going bankrupt, and then to consider the best type of reinsurance available for their portfolio, and cede beyond their retention to re-insurers at the lowest possible cost consistent with re-insurers’ good claim payment reputation and viability.

Human Resource Management in Construction Essay

Human Resource Management in Construction - Essay Example Training involves various methods and programs all with intentions of improving workers performance and also self-fulfilment. Due to current advancements, training applies to all kinds of employees from line workers to chief executive officer. Construction companies require a skilled workforce and thus encourage training to improve efficiency in their organizations. Developmental training programs involve broader skills that apply to a wider several situations. It will further increase the competence of the employees. According to the section, 42 of the Industrial Relations Act, 1990 stipulates for the formulation of draft Regulation of Practice by the Labour Relations Commission. The code of practice includes general guidelines on the application of grievance and disciplinary procedures. The law outlines principles of fair procedures between the employees and their employers. The procedures are necessary to ensure that claims are dealt with in relation the principles of natural justice and fairness. They are essential in maintaining discipline in the workplace by implementing disciplinary measures in a consistence manner that is fair to all people involved.2 The procedures have an advantage in that they allow for updating n reviewing periodically being consistent with changing circumstances and developments in the workplace and employment legislations. There are number of stages in handling discipline and grievance procedures. In the first instance, one needs to raise the issue with the immediate officer. If not solved the matter can progress to higher management following the agreed arrangements. According to Acas’ booklet â€Å"code of practice 1: Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures† (2009) Third party may be involved to aid in solving the issue. He may be either an internal or external mediator as long as he is not part of the disciplinary or grievance issue.3 Some cases will not be capable of being solved

Impact of Reality Shows on Younger Generation

Impact of Reality Shows on Younger Generation Jump to: Research Methodology | Research Background | Research Data | Results Analysis | Conclusion and Recommendations With the successful completion of the Sirasa Super Star Session 1 most of Sri Lankan television channels started airing various kinds of reality programs. The organizers identified that these programs can easily raise the popularity of the television channels and above all the main aim of organising such events is the money which generating behind the screen. One of the main features of such shows that proliferated in the recent past across the television channels is the active participation of celebrities in varied capacities viz; presenters are judgers. Usually organisers of such events take greater care to stage such events in a more planned, colourful and in a dramatic manner, so as to attract all the age groups in the society. Due to the tough competition prevailing among the television channels to win the viewers, innovations and differentiation has become key words to stay ahead in the reality business. Producers seems trying introducing various types of programmes but it is not hard to find those so called innovated programs happens to be just the carbon copies of American, European or the Indian reality shows. Due to this lacuna in originality these programs might not be suitable to the Sri Lanka culture as these programmes have been germinated with features related to the American or European culture. Under this light it can be posited that nowadays reality shows are adversely effecting the educational and social development of our younger generation because predominantly the spectators found to be consisted with this social group. CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY AIM The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of reality programs on the younger generation in the light of their social and educational development. PROBLEM STATEMENT Does the Sri Lankan younger generation is addicted to the reality programs due to the glamour and popularity of such programmes and will it effect the social and educational development of the younger generation of the Sri Lankan society? RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Reality programs are adversely effecting the educational and social development of the younger generation in the Sri Lankan society. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this research is to gather the views and ideas of public regarding reality programs and to measure its effect on our younger generation. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To find out the reasons behind reality shows become so popular among the Sri Lankan viewers and to discover which age groups are more prone to be attractive to these programmes. Furthermore, to surface effects if any by the broadcasting reality shows on social and educational development of the Sri Lankan Society. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To determine the reasons behind the popularity of reality programs among the Sri Lankan viewers. To obtain a better understanding about the financial benefits offered to the competitors and the spectators by the organisers and also to learn about the huge amount of money that circulating behind the screen. To find out true intensions of the organizers with regard to the facilitation the youths to enhance their talents, bringing talented youths to the limelight, making available monitory benefits and how the organizers (TV channels) intend to be benefited by reality programmes. To comment about the true potential of created Stars to remain bright in the show business sustaining the popularity over their contemporary traditional artists. To comment how will be the judges are qualified to judge the competitors fairly and to comment on the process of selecting the winners by the viewers through the medium of Telephones, SMS and post cards. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION Data collection methods are as follows. a. Primary Sources. Primary source of information will be gathered by interviewing selected groups of people. A questionnaire will be administered to the following respondents. i. School Teachers ii. Doctors iii. Parents iv. Officers in No 33 JCC representing Tri Forces v. University Students vi. School A/L Students b. Secondary Source. Secondary source of information will be the related books, paper articles, web articles, library sources and relevant databases. THE STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER The thesis is structured as follows a. CHAPTER I This Chapter will cover the Introduction. b. CHAPTER II This Chapter will cover the Methodology. c. CHAPTER III This chapter will covers the background of reality programs which are airing in Sri Lankan television channels. d. CHAPTER IV This Chapter will cover the data which collected through the questionnaire. e. CHAPTER V This Chapter will cover the data which collected through questionnaire and analyzes them accordingly f. CHAPTER VI Conclusion. CHAPTER 3: BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH Reality programs are genre of television programming that presents supposedly unscripted dramatic or entertaining situations, events, competitions and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors and the significant is the program is manipulating by a popular star  [1]  . This kind of reality programs are commonly called reality shows and often they are produced in series. Documentaries and non fictional programming such as news and sports shows are usually not classified as reality shows. Reality television frequently portrays a modified and highly influenced form of reality, utilizing sensationalism to attract viewers and so to generate advertising profits. Participants are often placed in exotic locations or abnormal situations, and are sometimes coached to act in specific scripted ways by off-screen story editors or segment producers, with the portrayal of events and speech manipulated and contrived to create an illusion of reality through editing and other post-production techniques  [2]  . Till the time all these reality programs were recognized as huge profit making exercise behind the screen and which were helping to raise the popularity of television channels. The present nature of reality shows are started in American television channels, the most successful one was American Ideal and this was become very famous all around the world. Later it was spread among some other countries with their own identities such as, Australia, England, China, Japan and our neighbour country India too. Sirasa TV is in the pioneer among the Sri Lankan television channels to air the reality shows. This has stemmed from their vision to present new energetic televisions programs to the Sri Lankan television society. General opinion held by the public of this country is that Sirasa television always comes with a different style or sometimes may be very peculiar programs which may give an impressive experience to the Sri Lankan spectators who are already bored with watching monotonous television programs. Sirasa TV introduced the new culture in TV entertainment through mega tele drama to the Sri Lankan Society deviating away from traditional tele-dramas. Initially those tele-dramas were Indian origin and subtitled or dubbed in Sinhala language (e.g. Shanthi the Indian mega tele-drama dubbed in Sinhala). The regular Hindi lovers in the Sri Lankan society may embrace these tele-dramas. The popularity of the mega tele-dramas were increased in many folds with the introduction of mega tele-dramas with a Sri Lankan touch but based on Indian lifestyle and later themes and style shifted to be in line with the traditional Sri Lankan context. The statistics shows spectators flocked to-gether with the Sirasa TV each day during the hours between 2000hrs to 2200hrs to see their favourite tele-dramas in Ran Depaya which telecasted both Indian and Sri Lankan four mega tele-dramas within two hour period in the week days. Tele dramas of Hindi origin but dubbed in sinhala such as Mahagedara, Chiththi and Praveena and also the tele-dramas with Singhalese themes but produced in Indian style such as Wasuda and Kindurangana were equally became popular among Sri Lankan viewers. Observing the grand success achieved by Sirasa TV all the other television channels had to face the challenge of regaining their lost popularity. As a counter strategy other TV channels were also opted to follow the leaders path. Hence, almost all other TV stations started to telecast mega tele-drams in their channels and some channels like Independence Television Network (ITN) become more successful than Sirasa TV since they managed to capture the taste of Sri Lankans with Sri Lankan style dramas instead of Indian dramas. Indian style Sinhala dramas also helped to boost up the popularity of the TV channel. As examples Batti, Mutu Kirilli Paba became very famous among the viewers. This series of Mega Tele-dramas were the last of the production list as produces witnessed a mark decline in popularity for such entertainment. When the time passes these Mega tele-dramas become more burdensome for the viewers and they understood that the substances of most of these stories were same, monotonous and meaning less. Because of the endless and prolonged nature of these dramas, story had to be changed aimlessly suiting to the production difficulties ignoring the viewers needs and wants. Above all busy schedules of the working class caused to refuse these programs gradually but surely. When the viewers are receding away from mega tele-dramas TV stations were forced to change their strategies to win the crowd. The requirement of the day was to innovate entertainment programmes that ensure a different experience to the tired mega tele-drama viewers. Again being the pioneer of presenting new experience to the viewers, Sirasa TV found out the solution to this. They presented an energetic, dramatic and curious program to the viewers named as Sirasa Super Star Session I, a singing competition. That was the gateway to Sri Lankan viewers to enter into the world of reality shows. The Sirasa Super Star Session I is the most successful first reality program produced by the Sirasa TV which based on a singing contest among general applicants. Because of its attractiveness and dramatic way of presenting it became vary famous among the viewers. Furthermore, because of that program telecasted during the weekend, it became ideal way of spending weekend for the people those who fed up working through week days and this has become real entertainment during weekends. Viewers found that they no longer required being bond to mega tele-dramas during the whole weekdays. Because of the popularity and financial benefits acquired by the Sirasa TV they started second session of the same program soon after the first. Mean time the other television channels also did some experiments on same reality programs and after achieving success they were ventured out to experiment more different types of reality programs and most of them again became very successful. Some times Derana TV a nd Swarnavahini were at the peak of popularity than Sirasa TV. Some of the Reality programs aired by each channels are attached to this as Annex B POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THESE PROGRAMS BECOME VERY POPULAR AMONG OTHER PROGRAMS. Locations and Stages. Normally these programs are being filmed at very attractive, colourful stages or locations or peculiar places such as ships, boats, gardens and famous hotels instead of using traditional stages. These stages are preparing in a very attractive style by spending huge amount of money due to the competition among each other. Utilization of modern technology for the stages decorations, filming and airing generally are at a higher standard and the quality is increasing day by day. Dress and appearance. During the final stages of competition the organizers are having tendency to change the appearance of the competitors. This is done by changing dresses, hair styles and doing characteristic changes. Some times all the competitors are wearing same type of dresses according to the gender but keeping unique identity of the competitors. Some times they completely change the characters such as while male is dressed as woman and female is dressed as male. Sometimes they dressed as cartoon characters and may as jokers. The dress of the day may decided by the art director which related to the particular entertainment or the event of the day. Empirical evidences shows that they changed the days dress of competitors according to the singing competition or the style of the songs or the era of the original song which sung by the first singer. In some programs like Derana Shadow Stars, the competitors are dressed up as the professional characters without any single change. However both the competitors and the organizers were blamed and criticised by the public regarding the improper dress selections of Sirasa Kumario ,Derana Kumario and loving Stars programs. In this programs the competitors and organizers were blamed that the young girls who were exposing the body in an unwanted way and which were not suitable to the society specially the children viewers. But this method of present was given a boosting popularity among the teenagers specially the men and majority of the others also accepted but not shown their consent openly. Dramatic way of presenting The most attractive feature of this kind of reality programs are the dramatic way of presenting. This dramatic style is a new experience for the Sri Lankan viewers and it is the most successful feature which supporting to these programs becomes very popular among the public. This unscripted dramatic or entertaining situation touches the hearts of viewers and they automatically become emotional and some times they wouldnt believe or like to believe the reality of the situation. The emotions feels to a competitor after loose or win can be feel even the viewers and they also become the part of that programs. During final stages the organizers are planning to take the competitors to their hometowns and giving a good publicity through media and make them to be welcomed by the people of their hometowns, sometimes these events may pre planned. The organizers make the viewers to become a participant of the program and make them to feel that the voting through SMSs is a responsibility of them and to be with their countryman till the end and make him as the winner by their SMS votes. Involvement of famous personal and stars as program announcers and masters of the ceremonies. Famous characters such as Film stars, Dancers, Singers or Politicians are taking part as the program announcers, Judges or as conductors of the program which is a significant feature in reality programs. Some times they take part in the judging panel and some times judges participating in the event may not have any relevance to the particular field or may not have any experience in that particular field. The popularity is rising up remarkably because of the participation of these people. Some examples for that are attached to this as Annex C. These kinds of programs are doing a commendable role to take out the talented Sri Lankan younger generation, those who does not having opportunity or financial support, to come out or highlight their talents. The experience is the most valuable intangible value that can gain by the competitors. Other than that popularity, good repetition in the society, identification in particular fields and opportunities are also intangible values that they can gain. Considering tangible values and financial values are at the peak and other than that other presents such as vehicles and properties and other gifts sometimes exceeds the value beyond the expectations of the participants. The Sirasa Super stars is at the cliff of presenting huge financial values to the competitors. Swarnavahini also has gained recognition as generous giver to the winners among other channels. MONEY EARNING METHODS Reality programs have been identified as most lucrative programs in the Sri Lankan society which high profits can be assured by spending less. There are lots of methods that the organizers earning money through these programs and the methods of organizing these competitions with a lowest cost. SMS Campaign In this reality programs the viewers also doing a vital role as the competitors. They are actively participating to these programs by sending their consent or the vote for a particular competitor while sending SMSs or calling to the dedicated hotlines. Sending a SMS or calling to dedicated hotlines is an effective method to attracting and bonding the viewers to the programme since they are convincing that they also being a part of the programme. Mean time it can be defined as utilization of modern communication technology to attract the people to take part of these programs. For this process all the Sri Lankan telecom providers participated and they introduced their own methods for sending SMSs and calling to dedicated hotlines to facilitate viewers. This is one of the profits gaining mechanism of reality programs. But only few of viewers know the cost they spending for a single SMS may be five times than normal SMS charges (Normal SMS Charges for Ea. Rs 1.00 and Reality show SMS Charges for Ea. Rs 10.00)  [3]  . This amount charging for single SMS is dividing between both the Organizing authority and the telecommunication provider. For facilitating this service to the viewers, the entire telecommunication providers in Sri Lanka had allocated special hotlines and hotline numbers for each program separately and introduced various types of formats and methods to sending SMSs and giving consent to the competitors since this is a good profitable mechanism for them. Further some other organizations also encouraging their customers to participate these programs. As example NDB has promoted their account holders that to win a chance of Rs 25,000.00 by sending SMSs to the Sirasa Super Stars. Advertisements Charging for advertisements which are airing during the reality programs telecasting time is also one of the money earning mechanism for the organizers (Television Canals or media sponsors). Ex: During Sirasa super Stars session 3 final day a thirty second advertisement were cost to rupees 600,000.00 Selling of songs, videos and photographs of stars. This is also one of a profitable business for the organizers. They sell the songs, which became popular during competitions, videos of special events and photographs of popular characters, stars or special events since the organizers are the dictator rights of the ownership of the program. In this case due to their whole authority the profits may be directly benefited to the organizers. Musical shows and displays of stars to the public. Since the agreements and bonds which are signed by the stars, they automatically becoming real mallets of the organizers. This type of outdoor activities are arranging for the purpose gain popularity for the program and for financial benefits. ARRANGING REALITY PROGRAMS WITH A MINIMUM COST TO BEARING UP BY THE ORGANIZERS. Arranging of this kind of reality show is huge money consuming task than a normal program. Because to get the attraction of people and competitors the organizers have to arrange these programs with mega prizes, attractive locations sometimes may overseas film shooting, attractive and different kinds of fashioned costumes and jewelleries, famous personal to lead the programs and for judging panels, cosmetics and dressing and attractive stages and luxury vehicles. To provide these facilities and come out with a successful presentation is a huge task for a single organizer. To overcome those difficulties the organizers are gathering sponsors to fulfil the above requirements. By sponsoring for these reality shows the sponsors also having opportunity to introduce and make attention of their products to the viewers. The business market that the sponsors are targeting can automatically be achieved through the programs because the majority of viewers are being teenagers. Some of the companie s sponsoring for the programs are as follows: Locations : Famous Hotels in Sri Lanka Cosmetics and dressing : Janet cosmetics and Natures secrets Jewelleries : Stone and strings Dresses : Mondy, Wills, Hamedia, Saree Mandir, Nolimit Vehicles : AMW and United Mortars Official Drinks : Pure Beverages and Elephant House Official Bank : NDB DOES THE JUDGE PANELS ARE BEING QUALIFIED ENOUGH TO PERFORM THEIR DUTIES? General question comes out with at the end of the program that the viewers that the judge panel are being qualified enough to judge the competitors. In some programs the judges were selected considering only the popularity they obtained in the society and they done their duties completely out of their relative subjects. Sometimes a well qualified dancer is in the judge panel of singing competition and some times a well qualified singer is judging a dancing competition. Sometimes performance of some judges are become real entertainment to both competitors and viewers but the problem is can they given a fair decision to the competitor without having sufficient knowledge about particular subject to choose the correct person for the next round. This type of trick is done by the organizers to attract viewers but the competitors are suffering from their incapable decisions  [4]  . FUTURE OF THE STARS Because of the recognition given in a limited time period and lack of experience some competitors are unable to identify their weak points they might be overconfident of their talents. After become a star in one night they dont have any idea to maintain their flow and they dont have clear forward vision since their recognition has achieved without any sacrifice or effort. Also these stars becoming popular among the viewers by imitating professionals. As examples in singing competition the competitors are imitating the songs which were sung by professionals and in a comedy program they are imitating the professionals. So at the end of the reality program the stars are recognize by the viewers from imitated presentations and the viewers may actually loves for the original owner of that presentation, may not for the competitor. Another factor is these stars are charging high charges from Rupees 25000.00 to 50000.00 to sing 4 or 5 songs for a musical show and the professionals are charging Rupees 5000.00 to maximum 20000.00 for the same.  [5]   Sponsoring for these high charges of the Stars for social events may bear up the Sri Lankans those who are being abroad or the wealthy social events take place in Sri Lanka. But in outdoor activities in Sri Lanka local sponsors may not willing to bear up this high charges of stars since the Sri Lankan outdoor market is earning less profits and even the indoor activities spectators may not willing to pay high charges for entrance tickets. REALITY PROGRAMS AND ITS EFFECT OF OUR YOUNGER GENERATION Most of the reality programmes are very attractive and presenting in a decent style to the audience. Some of the programmes are actually imparting knowledge to the viewers especially for the younger generation. As example Punchi Pahe MaÅ„ Sri Lankan Life Derana Real Leader etc.. EFFECT ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION Because of the competition among the television channels the organizers are trying to implement different type of reality programmes and sometimes with or without intention they are violating Sri Lankan ethics and norms due to high competition among each other. As examples Sirasa Kumariya and Derana Kumariya programme were blamed by the general public that the organizers are intentionally selecting unethical dresses which unnecessarily exposes the body of the girls and sometimes they are appearing to the programme wearing swimming suit or wetted cloths which indirectly showing body curves to the public in an unethical way. Another example the organizers of Swarnawahini Loving Star programme was blamed because some events are unethical and which are not suitable for the Sri Lankan society and some of the events of that programme were giving wrong ideas to the younger generation. Due to displeasure of the general public especially the elders that programme was stopped after completing only one session. EFFECT ON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION These programmes are airing usually after 1830 Hrs to 2200Hrs  [6]  and that time is commonly known as the ideal study time for the students. But due to addicting to these programmes the younger generation is spending their valuable study time for education some times because of the addiction of the parents to these programmes it may disturb to the children those who are engaging studies during these time period. CHAPTER 4:  DATA The required data was collected through a questionnaire and under mentioned groups were questioned through the questionnaire. Numbers of forty five people sample among the general public were selected randomly under the following heads. a. School Teachers b. Doctors c. Parents d. Officers in No 33 JCC representing Armed Forces e. University Students f. School A/L Students 52. The data which are collected through questionnaire and were re structure according to the under mentioned age groups. a. Age below 20 years (13People/ School Students) b. Age between 21 to 30 years. (8 People/Majority is University Students) c. Age between 31 to 40 years. (11 People/Majority is Armed forces Officers) d. Age above 40 years (13 People/Parents) 53. Among the questions in the questionnaire, under mentioned questions were selected and data analyzed with respected to the questions and age groups are as follows. Question No 9:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the social development of our younger generation? Question No 10:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the educational development of our younger generation? Question No 11:  As your view, the intention of organizing reality programs by the television channels is/are, Question No 12:  Do the winners of this kind of reality programs are having a future carrier and are they capable to maintain their popularity as professional entertainers for a long period? CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Question No 3: Would you interested to watch reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc)?   Analyzing the answers given for the popularity based question, it can be justified that the people below 40 years of age are more interested to watch reality programmes than the people above 40 years among the selected people group. It can prove that the younger generation is more interested than the elder people about reality programs. Analyzing all the result of the answers given to above questions, it is proving that all the age groups are interested to watch reality programmes which are telecasting in Sri Lankan television channels. Question No 9:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the social development of our younger generation? Analyzing the answers given for the affect to the society and social development based question, the people below 30 years are not agreed to the authors argument but people above 30 years, who can be considered as mature people, are agreed with the authors argument. Also overall result analyze for the question regarding affects to social development majority of the selected group of people are agreed to the argument which made by the author. So it can be conclude as the reality programmes are badly affecting to the social development of our younger generation. Question No 10:  Do you think reality programs (Such as Sirasa Super Star/Comedy Star/Dream Star/ Little Star/ Sirasa Kumariya/Shadow Star etc) are badly affecting to the educational development of our younger generation? Analyzing the answers given for the effect to the educational development based on question, the whole sample which consists younger and elder generation is agreed with the argument made by the author. Specially the age group above 31 years have expressed their idea that the some reality programs are being affected to the educational development of the younger generation Also overall result analyze for the question regarding affects to educational development majority of the selected sample of people are agreed to the argument which made by the author. So it can be conclude as some of the reality programmes are badly affecting to the educational development of our younger generation. Question No 11:  As your view, the intention of organizing reality programs by the television channels is/are Analyzing the answers given for the actual intention of the organizers of reality programs based on question, the each age group is having believe that the actual intention of the programmes are popularity and financial benefits of the organizers. But considering whole result of the question the sample is having believe that the actual intentions are popularity and financial benefits of the organizers and explore the young talents in relevant fields. Question No 12:  Do the winners of this kind of reality programs are having a future carrier and are they capable to maintain their popularity as professional entertainers for a long period? Analyzing the answers given